隨著計(ji)算(suan)機(ji)技(ji)術的(de)(de)普及與信息產(chan)業的(de)(de)飛速(su)發(fa)展，家居(ju)小區智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)已成為現代(dai)建筑的(de)(de)發(fa)展趨勢。通常情(qing)況下，智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)建筑包括傳統的(de)(de)建筑和智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統兩部分。從工(gong)(gong)(gong)程施工(gong)(gong)(gong)角度出發(fa)，除了傳統的(de)(de)建筑施工(gong)(gong)(gong)外，還有智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)(xi)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)問題。智(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)(neng)化(hua)(hua)家居(ju)施工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)特點是系(xi)(xi)統復雜(za)、技(ji)術先進、施工(gong)(gong)(gong)周期長、作業空(kong)間大(da)、使用設備和材(cai)料品種多，設備精密(mi)、價格昂貴，只有通過有效(xiao)的(de)(de)管理才(cai)能(neng)(neng)保證工(gong)(gong)(gong)程的(de)(de)順利(li)進展。

　　一、智能化系統施工過程的協調管理

建筑施(shi)(shi)工(gong)涉(she)及到各種專業，如智能化建筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)形、使(shi)用功(gong)(gong)能、結構形式、安(an)全合(he)(he)理(li)性等，無論在設計，還是在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)，都必須(xu)得到很(hen)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)控制和保證。但各專業工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)交叉配合(he)(he)與(yu)協(xie)調工(gong)作，經常不盡如人意。到了工(gong)程施(shi)(shi)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)后期，由于這(zhe)樣(yang)或(huo)那(nei)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)問題，往(wang)往(wang)出(chu)現返工(gong)，造成工(gong)程投(tou)資的(de)(de)(de)(de)極(ji)大浪費，影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)工(gong)期，有的(de)(de)(de)(de)還會影(ying)(ying)響(xiang)到建筑物的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用功(gong)(gong)能，嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)甚至有質量(liang)問題和安(an)全隱患。

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中各專業(ye)的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)管理(li)(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)不僅很重要，同時也很必要。作(zuo)為施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位項目經理(li)(li)(li)，在施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)中，應與業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)、土(tu)建總包(bao)、監理(li)(li)(li)、各主(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)包(bao)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)，應切實遵照業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)所確定的(de)(de)小區智能化系統設計方(fang)案施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)，保質保量地執行合(he)同細則，并根據業(ye)主(zhu)(zhu)提出的(de)(de)變更通知，及時與總包(bao)、監理(li)(li)(li)、各主(zhu)(zhu)承(cheng)包(bao)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)溝通，快速制定變更施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)方(fang)案，同時遵守總包(bao)、監理(li)(li)(li)、土(tu)建等各承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)所制定的(de)(de)規章制度，配合(he)總包(bao)、監理(li)(li)(li)、土(tu)建等各承(cheng)包(bao)商(shang)的(de)(de)隱蔽工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)及其(qi)他工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量的(de)(de)驗收工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。做好與電(dian)梯供應商(shang)、消(xiao)防施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位、電(dian)信局、有線(xian)電(dian)視臺及其(qi)他機(ji)電(dian)設備(bei)供應商(shang)的(de)(de)協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)，并讓所有協(xie)(xie)調(diao)(diao)方(fang)簽字確認。

（一）智能化(hua)子系統與其他工種(zhong)之間的(de)配合管(guan)理(li)

工(gong)(gong)程涉及土建、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾、空(kong)(kong)調、給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)、供電、照(zhao)明、電梯等專(zhuan)業(ye)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位。因此，在工(gong)(gong)程現場，必須(xu)與上述專(zhuan)業(ye)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位密切(qie)(qie)配合(he)與協調，如(ru)在消防系統(tong)的閥門、水(shui)(shui)管(guan)溫度傳(chuan)感器、流(liu)量(liang)計和水(shui)(shui)流(liu)開關的安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)及開孔位置(zhi)、凸臺焊接、風門與執行器的配合(he)中，要與安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)公司有密切(qie)(qie)配合(he)。智能化系統(tong)線(xian)槽(cao)架的安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)，應在土建工(gong)(gong)程基本結束以后(hou)，與其(qi)他管(guan)道(dao)（風管(guan)、給排(pai)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)）的安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)同(tong)步進行，也可比管(guan)道(dao)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)稍(shao)遲一段時間(jian)（約(yue)15個工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)日），但必須(xu)解決好這些線(xian)槽(cao)架與管(guan)道(dao)在空(kong)(kong)間(jian)位置(zhi)上的合(he)理安(an)置(zhi)和配合(he)。

（二(er)）管線施工(gong)與裝飾工(gong)程的協調

在吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)內(nei)敷設(she)(she)管(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)須與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾工程(cheng)配(pei)合(he)進行，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)飾工程(cheng)完成主龍(long)骨(gu)后，可(ke)在主龍(long)骨(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)配(pei)置管(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，鋼(gang)管(guan)應(ying)卡固在龍(long)骨(gu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，按最近直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)距(ju)離敷設(she)(she)，在吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)，接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)不能高出吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)，鋼(gang)管(guan)配(pei)好(hao)(hao)后，應(ying)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)纜電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)穿入，做好(hao)(hao)吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的管(guan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)敷設(she)(she)工作。在裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修人員(yuan)(yuan)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)次龍(long)骨(gu)和上(shang)(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)時，要配(pei)合(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修在吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)面(mian)(mian)(mian)板(ban)上(shang)(shang)(shang)開孔(kong)，留出接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)，開孔(kong)的面(mian)(mian)(mian)積應(ying)小于接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)口面(mian)(mian)(mian)；另一種(zhong)做法是先(xian)將(jiang)管(guan)子配(pei)好(hao)(hao)，將(jiang)引(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)鋼(gang)絲穿入管(guan)子，待吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完畢(bi)后，再穿線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)弱電(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備。當配(pei)管(guan)的位置與接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)位置不能準確對應(ying)時，應(ying)采用金(jin)屬波紋管(guan)在吊(diao)頂(ding)(ding)內(nei)做軟接(jie)(jie)(jie)續，將(jiang)導線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)引(yin)至設(she)(she)備安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)位置。在輕型復合(he)墻(qiang)或輕型壁板(ban)中配(pei)管(guan)，先(xian)要測量(liang)好(hao)(hao)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)盒(he)的準確位置，計劃好(hao)(hao)管(guan)子走向，與裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)修人員(yuan)(yuan)配(pei)合(he)挖孔(kong)挖洞。

智(zhi)能(neng)化系(xi)(xi)統的(de)配線(xian)和(he)穿(chuan)線(xian)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，在土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)完(wan)全(quan)結束以(yi)后，與裝(zhuang)飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)同步進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)，進(jin)(jin)(jin)度安排不能(neng)在裝(zhuang)飾工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)結束之(zhi)后，以(yi)免造成穿(chuan)線(xian)敷設(she)(she)的(de)困難。智(zhi)能(neng)化系(xi)(xi)統工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)的(de)配管、線(xian)、槽和(he)線(xian)路敷設(she)(she)，設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安裝(zhuang)和(he)調試(shi)，往往是由不同的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)單(dan)位(wei)(wei)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，因此當在每個工(gong)(gong)(gong)序或工(gong)(gong)(gong)種施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)結束后，必(bi)須填寫相應的(de)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)記錄表。進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)單(dan)體設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)安裝(zhuang)和(he)穿(chuan)線(xian)、接線(xian)時，必(bi)須遵(zun)守隱蔽工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)和(he)相應的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)規范，按設(she)(she)計圖紙要求(qiu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)交接驗(yan)收(shou)(shou)，同時做好單(dan)位(wei)(wei)設(she)(she)備(bei)(bei)的(de)測試(shi)記錄，并(bing)提交較完(wan)整的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)技術(shu)檔案(an)資料，以(yi)確保工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量。

（三(san)）施工(gong)質(zhi)量與施工(gong)工(gong)期的協調

在智能化家居施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，要明確(que)各子系統(tong)與其(qi)他(ta)單位的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)，如土建(jian)、安裝、電梯等(deng)。明確(que)各子系統(tong)之間的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)界(jie)面(mian)(mian)，如聯動接(jie)(jie)點、控制接(jie)(jie)口位置；明確(que)系統(tong)調試的工(gong)(gong)作界(jie)面(mian)(mian)。在各子系統(tong)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)，每一個施(shi)工(gong)(gong)環節必須(xu)檢查，對不符(fu)合規(gui)范(fan)的施(shi)工(gong)(gong)要堅決加以整改，將質量隱患(huan)消滅在萌(meng)芽時(shi)期。

工期保障是建設(she)及投資方資金回籠的(de)關鍵。智能化系統在家居(ju)工程(cheng)(cheng)建設(she)中是個配(pei)合工種(zhong)，工期依賴于(yu)土建、安裝、裝修等(deng)的(de)工程(cheng)(cheng)進度，施工計劃往往要隨著其他工種(zhong)工期而(er)調整，因(yin)此必須制定(ding)相應(ying)的(de)措施來(lai)保障其按合同時間完成。

　　二、智能化系統的調試及驗收管理

（一）系統調(diao)試前(qian)的準備工作

系統(tong)調試前，應(ying)準備好相關的技術資料(liao)(liao)。這(zhe)些技術資料(liao)(liao)一般包括：設(she)(she)計圖(tu)紙。包括系統(tong)圖(tu)、控制原理圖(tu)、管(guan)線(xian)施(shi)工(gong)圖(tu)、各種(zhong)接線(xian)表、設(she)(she)備安裝和設(she)(she)備布置平(ping)面圖(tu)、產品技術說明書(shu)等(deng)施(shi)工(gong)設(she)(she)計圖(tu)紙與資料(liao)(liao)；線(xian)路敷設(she)(she)、測試記(ji)錄及隱蔽工(gong)程驗收報告(gao)；設(she)(she)備安裝記(ji)錄及各工(gong)種(zhong)之間交接驗收單(dan)；受控單(dan)體設(she)(she)備測試記(ji)錄。

（二(er)）智能化系(xi)統的調試(shi)步驟

智(zhi)能系統的種類很(hen)多，性(xing)能指標和功能特點(dian)差異很(hen)大(da)，調試要分步驟、分區(qu)域和分系統進(jin)行。主要調試步驟如(ru)下：

1、對(dui)系統(tong)單(dan)體(ti)設備或部件進行調試，并做好單(dan)體(ti)調試記錄

單體調(diao)試(shi)要觀(guan)察設備的加電情況、表針(zhen)指示(shi)、顯示(shi)屏顯示(shi)等，對(dui)運轉異常(chang)的設備應立即斷電檢查。

2、局部或區(qu)域(yu)調試(shi)

如小(xiao)區(qu)面積較(jiao)大(da)、系統設備較(jiao)分散，調試應分區(qu)域進行，要(yao)對(dui)供電電壓、線路(lu)阻抗、數據傳輸(shu)等(deng)進行測(ce)試，對(dui)不符合要(yao)求的線路(lu)及(ji)設備要(yao)檢查，并(bing)加以分析，找(zhao)出問題(ti)，進行解(jie)決。

3、整體(ti)系統的(de)聯調及系統集成(cheng)

將系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)全部(bu)連接(jie)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)試(shi)，首先是初步聯調(diao)，可用觀察(cha)和經驗感覺(jue)等方(fang)法進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)，然后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)儀器測(ce)試(shi)。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)聯動及系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)集成是系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)調(diao)試(shi)的最后(hou)一道(dao)工序，應在中央(yang)監控設(she)備安裝完畢后(hou)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。調(diao)試(shi)步驟為(wei)：中央(yang)監控設(she)備——現(xian)場控制器——分區域端接(jie)好的終端設(she)備——程序演示(shi)+開通(tong)。

對智(zhi)能(neng)化程度高(gao)的，如智(zhi)能(neng)化火(huo)災自(zi)動報警(jing)系統，有(you)些產(chan)品(pin)是(shi)先調(diao)試報警(jing)控(kong)制主機，再分別逐一調(diao)試連接的所有(you)火(huo)災探測器和各類接口(kou)模(mo)塊與設備。無論(lun)是(shi)單體(ti)還是(shi)系統調(diao)試，都必須有(you)調(diao)試記(ji)錄，并(bing)將調(diao)試記(ji)錄存檔，供總(zong)體(ti)驗收和資料備案使用。

（三）智能化系統的竣(jun)工驗(yan)收

智能化系統工(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou)分為隱(yin)蔽工(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou)、分項工(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou)和竣工(gong)工(gong)程(cheng)驗收(shou)三(san)個步驟進行。

1、隱蔽工程驗收

智能化(hua)系統安裝中的線管預埋(mai)、直(zhi)埋(mai)、接地極(ji)等都屬隱蔽(bi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，這些工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在下道工(gong)序施工(gong)前，應(ying)由建設單位代表（或監理人員）進行(xing)隱蔽(bi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)檢查驗收，并認真辦理好隱蔽(bi)工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)驗收手續(xu)，納入技術檔案(an)。

2、分項工(gong)程驗收

在某階段(duan)工(gong)程結束，或某一分項工(gong)程完工(gong)后，由(you)建設(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)會同設(she)計單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)進行分項驗收，有(you)些單(dan)(dan)項工(gong)程則(ze)由(you)建設(she)單(dan)(dan)位(wei)(wei)申報當地主管(guan)部門。

3、竣工驗收

工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)竣工(gong)(gong)驗收是對(dui)整個工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)建設項目的綜合性檢(jian)查驗收。在工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)正(zheng)式驗收前，應(ying)由(you)施(shi)工(gong)(gong)單位進行(xing)預(yu)驗收，檢(jian)查有關的技術資料、工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)質量，發現問(wen)題及時解決(jue)。

智能化(hua)集(ji)成系(xi)(xi)統(tong)驗收，是在(zai)(zai)各(ge)個子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)分步調試完(wan)成后，再(zai)演示相應的聯動聯鎖程序，并在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)驗收文件(jian)完(wan)成以及(ji)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)正(zheng)常運行(xing)(xing)不少于一個月以后，方可進行(xing)(xing)集(ji)成系(xi)(xi)統(tong)驗收。在(zai)(zai)整(zheng)個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)集(ji)成驗收前，也可分別進行(xing)(xing)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)集(ji)成各(ge)個子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的工程驗收，如火災自動報(bao)警與消防控(kong)制系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、安全防范系(xi)(xi)統(tong)等相對獨立的子系(xi)(xi)統(tong)。

　　三、結語

張(zhang)家(jia)港是(shi)以建(jian)筑(zhu)為平臺，兼備建(jian)筑(zhu)設(she)備、辦公自動(dong)化(hua)及(ji)通信網絡(luo)系統(tong)，集(ji)結(jie)構、系統(tong)、服(fu)務、管理(li)及(ji)它們之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)最優化(hua)組(zu)合，向人(ren)們提(ti)供一個安全、高效、舒適(shi)、便利的(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)筑(zhu)環境。在總(zong)結(jie)經(jing)驗教訓的(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，探討一種先進、合理(li)、有(you)效的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)程(cheng)管理(li)模式，保證智能(neng)化(hua)系統(tong)在家(jia)居工(gong)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成功運行和投資(zi)效益，具有(you)重要的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義。